Yongnian Zheng Source: China Education Network
Experience the phenomenon that many Chinese educational system or the administration of bureaucratic has reached intolerable proportions. If you can not introduce profound changes, the conflict within the system will inevitably cropped up.
In recent years, conflict has been quite clear. University professors have resigned because of system problems, some professors refuse to admit them because of institutional problems and the graduate PhD, a professor of pressure by the executive branch and not a lot of talk, but also Head of the Department removal by the administration of various phenomena, but different foot.
University of the internal conflict between the executive and scholars, not unique to China, also occasionally occur in the western world. For example, president of Harvard University a few years ago because of inappropriate remarks, and conflict with teachers, principals forced to resign. However, conflicts within the Chinese education system has the particularity, it reflects the emergence of these special deposit system and its reform, the importance of internal contradictions.
In many specialty, there are two features related to each other is particularly significant
The first is education to the power-oriented, based on economic interests. To power to pursue economic interests, the pursuit of economic interests of power. Power and economic interests of the education administrative department for teachers to use the most handy tool. Humanistic Education has thus become the power of education and the interests of education. Subjective and objective regardless of how the executive branch, the goal of education is not actually train the people, but to the power and interests. This point, the author has been discussed in this column.
Education Department General Administrative organization of non-
Second, the conflict between the executive and staff, teachers must be the losing side. Resigned as president of Harvard University can not happen in China. This phenomenon shows not only China's education system is the executive-led, and from a deeper view, is the professional and vocational education sector shows the shrinking of space. This latter effect on education is fatal.
From kindergarten, primary, secondary to university, the education sector is a kind of organization. It should be recognized that the education sector is not generally a political executive body, nor a general sense of the industrial economic organization. Administrative Organization aims to the efficiency of policy implementation. The goal is efficiency of industrial organization, the largest quantity of products needed for the production community. In order to achieve the efficiency of this goal, organizations are often present level of upper and lower levels of obedience and coordination between the features. Power and interests of these organizations and therefore play a key role. Power (and associated material interests) is the main driver of the executive branch mechanism, and the benefits (and the associated positions of power) is the main driver of the industrial sector mechanism.
However, educational organizations is clearly not the case. Very simple, the only goal of the education sector is to develop human resources, educational organizations involved in the internal Suo 到 power and interests are secondary, just to maintain the sustainability of the educational organization of Yunzuo. Personnel training and production of clothing, footwear and electronic products differences between the self-evident. In short, any industrial products are available through a variety of simple to complex mechanical devices can be produced, but talent can not. If the goal is to foster the education sector personnel, management can not be used if the executive branch staff and factory workers way to manage personnel training (the teacher).
However, it is clear that China's educational authorities have been very "scientific" way to manage the administration and factory management methods applied to educational organizations. Over the years, the education sector prevalent so-called "input - output" quantitative management methods, the "quantity" has come to the point of worship. Not only in the large number of students enrollment, and in the interests of the economy (how much) of the pursuit, but also in on the teacher's performance review on.
Driven by economic interests of the students enrollment has become a major social ill. From kindergarten to university and even doctoral education, educational institutions, as if the factory has become a modern large-scale production line. Quantity rather than quality is so far the characteristics of industrial production. Unfortunately, this also occurs in the education sector. Yes, always proud to claim the education sector the number of trained personnel, but unfortunately a lot of talent and even employment opportunities are minimal. Perhaps the education sector is to develop a talent, but may be training the wrong people or not applicable.
Executives see "quantity" to see the results
On the "quantity" of worship has led to short-term goals of education. The University is not only the annual teaching review, assessment of academic achievements, but also the availability of funds for assessment. A researcher or professor is a lifetime, if several influential research papers have been pretty good paper. But China's administrative staff required to produce each year, "influential", "quality" papers. It was calculated that, if the world now has the effect of the magazines to Chinese scholars published articles are not sufficient to achieve the goal of China's bureaucracy in charge of education. On the teacher to say? Annual production of this paper is clearly impossible, but the production is a must, as it relates to their jobs, occupation and survival. The result is shoddy, plagiarism has become a trend.
Application for funding for research as well. Administration but the "quantity", do not look at the results. As long as you can apply to the money, you are professionals. For money, you make the best research, but also difficult to value the leadership. Full of money and, everywhere, begging has become a major burden on the majority of teachers. But it is absurd that no one seems to care about the money generated by the findings. Whether your change process or the outcome of the assessment process, which included corruption known, but the education authorities indifferent, because it has become a major education sector "hidden rules" of the.
On the "quantity" can be called the pursuit also led to "dummy education" phenomenon. Business Definition of "customer is God", the education sector, said "we are God." As students of God, teachers became the attendants, the traditional "Dignity" concept is now well known.
In fact, "to please the students," education is the "hidden rules." To please the student evaluation of teachers than those who definitely can not please the students better. On the surface, it seems that "human education", but actually is not.
Traditional education emphasized indoctrination, emphasizing the personality of teachers affected. This is of course a great defect, making China the poor students in independent thinking, and poor in research methods. But now the quality of Chinese students what out? Just keep to accommodate students and in the end what have learned from the teachers? No one can be quite sure about that now before the industrialization of education than education to improve a lot. In fact, many school administrators leaders, to please the students to student's purse, to economic interests. Humanistic Education here is no shadow. Executive leaders of the faculty to students, "people first" spirit and make the greatest force for the student services, but on the other hand, school administrators, teacher leaders themselves are not for the service.
Error learning experience of developed countries
In the West, the school administrative system of services for teachers, but in China, the Chief is the leader, is the teacher dictates. Teachers in the middle, by the dual pressures of administration and students. Everyone knows that education is the main teacher, but now teachers of education and research environment is getting worse. They consciously or unconsciously designed to drill into the administration for their various "cage" inside, and some teachers have become a tool for profit schools, and some are job seeking, use teaching as their interests, or both combination. Of course, only more teachers feel powerless, by the current wave of industrialization in the education center.
Education also makes the administration of the wrong learning from the West China's education experience of developed countries. In order to catch up with Western countries, Western education is inevitable. Since the 1990s, learning from the West did not actually learn less. Countries sent large numbers of people going abroad each year investigation, the university also intensified in this regard. Unfortunately, most of study abroad is the leadership and administrative staff. Can not say that they have not learned anything in the West, but can also be sure, most of them learned only the West Yixie shell, did not learn the spirit of Western education.
Give an example of scientific research, sufficient to explain this problem. In the West, whether natural or social science, education, the most important task is to train students in the spirit of scientific research, training them to identify problems, analyze and solve problems. But China's education bureaucracy is not learned that independent scientific spirit. Instead, they learned a set of surface science, "eight-legged essay." China long ago repealed its own traditional academic "stereotyped," but now to learn a Western "eight-legged essay."
This new "eight-legged essay" has begun to poison the Chinese teaching and students. For many Chinese scholars and students, the science is on the foreign "stereotyped" to fill, to find some information and data to set-style "eight-legged essay" a complete, even if scientific research had. Scholarship must have a certain form of "eight-legged essay." In the West, everyone knows, this "stereotyped" the expression of ideas and scientific discovery is a just form. But in China, "stereotyped" has become a science itself. So, while Chinese scholars seem to take the rail and international, and many scholarly articles can be found in international academic journals, but this is not true that China scholars have new ideas and inventions. With the popular term that is not innovation. Can be said that in the absence of a genuine spirit of scientific research before the learned, all kinds of imported foreign "stereotyped" Research is to train scholars not master, let alone to build a research system in China itself.
Misuse of power by
China to train qualified personnel, especially master talents, education must be reformed. But the reform must first identify the right direction. The wrong direction, the more education reform, the problem with it, the more negative on personnel training. On the surface, one of the leaders at all levels of education has become accepted by the education sector. But may actually be just a slogan. If you can not make fundamental institutional reforms in education, then the people will never make this education is a slogan, only pedestrians the name of the real map of power and interests. But how were expressed as the education system? This problem no one can answer the education sector.
After determining the direction of how to promote reform. Here it involves a seemingly sensitive issue of power and academic. Many people hate the power to interfere with academic, simply the problems of education in China comes down to the question of power. In fact, the power and complexity of the issues academic. All the powers delegated to the hands of researchers and teachers, but also does not seem to solve the problem. In the latter developing countries (including Germany and Japan earlier), to catch up with advanced countries, the power involved in education reform is inevitable. Not all of the power is negative, and the power that can be done, but also to failure. Need to reform the power. The question is who will exercise power?
In China, the problem is not the power to use the administrative department, but mis-use of power. Power has not been used to improve personnel training environment, but are used to the pursuit of more power or economic interests. It is clear that misuse of power on the one hand and the existing educational system, on the other hand and use the power of the officials concerned. Although many education officials, have professional backgrounds, but the "command and head butt," Once you embark on officialdom, it has become an bureaucratic. And let the bureaucracy to manage the education system of education will inevitably lead to bureaucratic.
To reform the system to someone, but people often system assimilate. This seems to become a "chicken" and "egg", to give people a pessimistic picture. However, education reform around the world experience, to get out of the education reform "chicken" and "egg" the vicious circle of state, first of all have a group to go beyond the powers and interests in education reform at home. China is not the absence of such a group. However, whether this group is clearly beyond the leading education reform reform areas, and become a political issue.
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